Īeglemarmelosine, molecular formula C 16H 15NO 2 27 D+7.89° ( c 0.20, CHCl 3), has been isolated as an orange viscous oil. Aegeline (N-3-phenyl-2-propenamide) is a constituent that can be extracted from bael leaves. The bael tree contains furocoumarins, including xanthotoxol and the methyl ester of alloimperatorin, as well as flavonoids, rutin and marmesin a number of essential oils and, among its alkaloids, á-fargarine(= allocryptopine), O-isopentenylhalfordinol, O-methylhafordinol. It resembles a marmalade made, in part, with citrus and, in part, with tamarind." Numerous hairy seeds are encapsulated in a slimy mucilage. Boning (2006) indicates that the flavor is "sweet, aromatic and pleasant, although tangy and slightly astringent in some varieties. It has been described as tasting of marmalade and smelling of roses. The fibrous yellow pulp is very aromatic. The shell is so hard it must be cracked with a hammer or machete. It can reach the size of a large grapefruit or pomelo, and some are even larger. The fruit takes about 11 months to ripen on the tree, reaching maturity in December. The exact number of seeds varies in different publications. Inside are 8 to 15 or 20 sections filled with aromatic orange pulp, each section with 6 (8) to 10 (15) flattened-oblong seeds each about 1 cm long, bearing woolly hairs and each enclosed in a sac of adhesive, transparent mucilage that solidifies on drying. The woody shell is smooth and green, gray until it is fully ripe when it turns yellow. It is globose or slightly pear-shaped with a thick, hard rind and does not split upon ripening. The fruit typically has a diameter of between 5 and 10 cm (2 and 4 in). The ovary is bright green with an inconspicuous disc. Many stamens have short filaments and pale brown, short style anthers. The four or five petals of 6–8 millimetres ( 1⁄ 4– 3⁄ 8 in) overlap in the bud. The flowers are 1.5 to 2 cm, pale green or yellowish, sweetly scented, bisexual, in short drooping unbranched clusters at the end of twigs and leaf axils. Each leaf has 4–12 pairs of side veins which are joined at the margin. Young leaves are pale green or pinkish, finely hairy while mature leaves are dark green and completely smooth. The leaf is trifoliate, alternate, each leaflet 5–14 cm (2– 5 + 1⁄ 2 in) x 2–6 cm ( 3⁄ 4– 2 + 1⁄ 4 in), ovate with tapering or pointed tip and rounded base, untoothed or with shallow rounded teeth. It is sweet at first taste and then irritating to the throat. The gum is also described as a clear, gummy sap, resembling gum arabic, which exudes from wounded branches and hangs down in long strands, becoming gradually solid. The bark is pale brown or grayish, smooth or finely fissured and flaking, armed with long straight spines, 1.2–2.5 centimetres ( 1⁄ 2–1 inch) singly or in pairs, often with slimy sap oozing out from cut parts. The tree is considered to be sacred by Hindus and Buddhists.Īegle marmelos is a deciduous shrub or small to medium-sized tree, up to 13 metres (43 feet) tall with slender drooping branches and rather open, irregular crown. It is present in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal as a naturalized species. Aegle marmelos, commonly known as, bael (or bili or bhel ), also Bengal quince, golden apple, Japanese bitter orange, stone apple or wood apple, is a species of tree native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.
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